History of Press Freedom in the United States

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 994 Words

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is a play based on the real events of the Salem, Massachusetts witch trials of 1692. The wild â€Å"witch hunt† was based on false testimony and personal vendettas but, it also brought forth a need for a hero and n this story a tragic hero will arise. A tragic is a character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his own demise. In The Crucible the character of John Procter being a tragic hero has been a big debate for many years. Based on the definition of a tragic hero as well as information directly from The Crucible, it can be concluded that John Proctor is in fact a tragic hero. John Proctor plays a major role in the play and can easily be identified as a tragic hero. In the definition of a†¦show more content†¦This can be interpreted as him saying that although internally and in his own soul he knows he is flawed, he prefers to keep his name respected and untarnished for his flaw and would rather die for witchcra ft. This is a great example that proves John as the tragic hero because he is well respected in Salem but falls from grace due to a flaw that rides on his name and soul both before and after death. Another reason John Procter is seen as a tragic hero is that the hero’s flaw is an â€Å"error will physically and spiritually wound the tragic hero, eventually causing his death† (Handout). John’s flaw prevents him from testifying against Abigail in court for making up all her claims of witchcraft in Salem. This same inability of testifying against Abigail plays as one of the factors for John’s eventual death for witchcraft. If John did not carry this one tragic flaw he could have easily proven that Abigail was just â€Å"sporting† which in turn would have saved many lives including his own. This same idea that John’s tragic flaw is what spiritually hurts him can be seen when he is under suspicion for witchcraft and is asked to recite the Ten Com mandments. John recites, â€Å"Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s goods, nor make unto thee any graven image. Thou shalt not take the name of the lord in vain; thou shalt have no other gods before me. (With some hesitation) Thou shalt remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy. (Pause. Then.) Thou shalt honor thy

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Free Essays

The narrator of the book; ‘The curious Incident of the dog in the night-time’ by Mark Haddon, is a kid named Christopher who is born with Asperberg’s syndrome, and therefore he narrates the novel from his point of view which is very interesting because he sees things in a much simpler way than people who do not suffer this mental birth defect. Christopher shows the ‘otherness’ in society because he is living in a social environment that unconsciously discriminates and excludes people that are different. A moment where we can see how Christopher is treated differently is in school. We will write a custom essay sample on The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now He goes to a school for kids that have mental problems that need special cares. Even though Christopher has this mental dementia, he is a genius in mathematics and physics, and as his school does not count with ‘A’ math classes, Christopher requested them. The school wanted to deprive this kind of education to him because they thought he was not going to endure it and that it was not necessary. But finally, Christopher’s father complained and he was allowed to take those classes. Also, he is discriminated when the police comes to Mrs. Shear’s house and sees him with the dead dog in his arms. The policeman acted alert from the beginning, when he realized that Christopher had a mental problem. He was quickly judged and considered guilty, and any move that he made played against him (the policeman touched him, and as Christopher does not like to be touched, hit him and was accused for attacking the police). He was taken to the police station and ended up with a mark on his personal register. Finally Christopher’s father saved him from being accused as the murderer of Mrs. Shears’s dog. In conclusion, Christopher lives unconscious of how differently he is treated and passes through them without caring. However, many people love him and take care of him. How to cite The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time, Essay examples The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Free Essays Title: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time Author: Mark Haddon Text Type: Murder Mystery The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is a murder mystery with an interesting twist. Christopher Boone is the main character and he is a fifteen year old boy with Asperger’s Syndrome. He is a mathematical genius, but he has trouble understanding other people’s emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now When his neighbours dog is murdered he decides to carry out an investigation to find the murderer, but he ends up discovering a lot that will change his life. This book definitely changed my way of thinking because I used to be slightly reserved towards people with special needs. When I read this book I realised that people with special needs are very capable of lots of ordinary things, they just see the world around them in a different way – Often in a far more simple way. ‘I find people confusing. This is for two main reasons. The first main reason is that people do a lot of talking without using any words’. Christopher. Christopher Boone is a lot more bright then lots of people without autism and it is wrong to assume that autism equals stupidity. I am going to prove that I’m not stupid. Next month I’m going to take my A level in Maths and I’m going to get an A grade’. Christopher. I admire Christopher Boone because he has high aspirations. Throughout the whole novel Christopher kept on striving to achieve his goal of sitting A level maths. ‘I have to go back because I have to sit my maths A level’ Christopher Christopher is very organised and he is superb at keeping things in a nice order. Often this means he will do things in a very logical manner. Lots of teenagers aren’t exactly the most organised (often anything they interact with becomes clutter) so I admire Christopher’s organisational skills. ‘I said that I liked things to be in a nice order’. Christopher. I recommend this book to anyone who is tired of reading books that seem to have the same plot line. This book is refreshingly different-it’s not every day someone finds a book about an autistic boy investigating a dog murder. This book portrayed a clear image in my head of the events in the novel without becoming over descriptive. Because of this I would label this book a rating of 10/10. How to cite The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time, Papers The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Free Essays Novel Review – The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Christopher Boone is different from normal kids his age. Rather, he is special. He has what the modern findings call the Asperger’s Syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has very strong likes and dislikes, such as loathing the color brown and yellow, while loving the color red. He is also gifted with dominant talent in logical thinking and remembering ability which are revealed in his most confident subjects: mathematics and science. As the book opens up, he says â€Å"I know all of the countries of the world and their capital cities, and every prime number up to 7,057. His favorite hobby is being a detective, and he believes that he will make a good astronaut when he grows up. However, Christopher’s major downside among his many capacities is the significant difficulty in interacting with others, which consists of comprehending and understanding people’s emotions. His restricted ability to recognize and grasp human expressions leads to frequent confusions and misunderstandings throughout the story. Although the condition of Christopher was never specified in the novel, the readers can quickly realize it, and are able to experience the creative and unique subject of an autistic teenager being the narrator. Not many people would have imagined an autistic child whose fantasy is to wake up one day and find that he’s the only living person left on the earth to be the narrator of the book. This unique setting by Mark Haddon comes as the different medium of seeing the world, which is very simplistic and logical in a way that makes ‘perfect sense’. Christopher’s carefully ordered world must be maintained, but when the emotions, lies, and intrigue of the adult world disrupt the ‘truth’ he believed in, it greatly confuses, angers, and frustrates him. No matter the saying of ‘constellation Orion’ being the image of a hunter with a club, he insists on distinguishing with the real ‘truth’ which is the scientific facts of the stars. Like so, when Christopher realizes that his family ‘truth’ which he thought was always right for a long time was in fact a lie, he suffers greatly from the confusion and shock. In Christopher’s view, the flaws of the adults around him are shocking and unmoral, but we readers can see that there is more to it than simple honesty in life. Christopher writes this book originally in the purpose of finding who murdered the neighbor’s dog, Wellington. With the help of his teacher, Siobhan, he turns himself into an amateur detective and attempts to solve the mystery. Unfortunately along the way, his searching extends to finding the information which ultimately reveals all the lies in the family. It was very impressive to see the process of Christopher overcoming the chaos and hatred from the lies. His striving for the things which he thinks are right, for example returning to his mother, and accomplishing them was truly an inspiration. The thought of autism may be an extreme, but Christopher’s struggles living the modern world are something we can all relate to. How to cite The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time, Essay examples

Bless Me Ultima Essay Research Paper Bless free essay sample

Bless Me, Ultima Essay, Research Paper Bless Me, Ultima is a narrative about the ripening of a immature Mexican-American male child, Antonio M # 8217 ; arez, fighting with many inquiries about his fate, life and decease, and good and evil. Ultima who comes to populate with Antonio becomes his caretaker and his instructor. Antonio learns there are powers in the universe that differ from his beliefs in the Catholic religion. Ultima teaches Antonio # 8220 ; that the tragic effects of life can be overcome by the charming strength that resides in the human bosom # 8221 ; ( 237 ) . Ultima shows Antonio how to see the thaumaturgy of life with his bosom and non with his eyes. For the first clip, he sees the river non as something to be feared but as a beginning of life, # 8220 ; I had been afraid of the atrocious presence of the river, which was the psyche of the river, but through her I learned that my spirit shared in the spirit of all things # 8221 ; ( 15 ) . The river is both originative and destructive in nature. It is this new charming manner of seeing the river that will assist Antonio understand many of the events that occur in the novel. Ultima besides teaches Antonio to appreciate nature and helps him develop a religious relationship with the workss of the llano. It is this turning harmoniousness with the Earth that will subsequently assist Antonio connect with his heritage and the ancient ways of his ascendants. Ultima teaches him the thaumaturgy of nature, # 8220 ; even the workss had a spirit, and before I dug she made me talk to the works and state it why we pulled it from its place in the Earth # 8221 ; ( 39 ) . Antonio learns which workss are good for mending but more significantly he learns of Ultima # 8217 ; s aristocracy and grace as they wonder the llano together. Ultima teaches Antonio that one must give back to the Earth what has been taken off. It is this religious connexion with the Earth that helps Antonio understand # 8220 ; that the tragic effects of life can be overcome by the charming strength that resides in the human bosom # 8221 ; ( 237 ) . As Antonio deepens his apprehension of the river and the forces of nature that surround it, he begins to understand the human journey and his fate. Ultima Teachs Antonio of this charming strength as she tries to assist him understand the slaying of Narciso. The townsfolk do non seek justness because Narciso had been the town rummy and his life seemed worthless, # 8220 ; Because Narciso was the town rummy, cipher cared much # 8221 ; ( 177 ) . Ultima explains that Narciso had died seeking to assist a friend and that was honest. Once Narciso had been a respectable immature adult male but difficult times had fallen upon him after the decease of his immature married woman. Narciso had turned to alcohol to ease the hurting but had remained everlastingly indebted to Ultima for seeking to salvage his married woman. Ultima uses the decease of Narciso to learn Antonio the ways of his ascendants. She explains, â€Å"The old people†¦always helped each other ; through good or bad they stuck together, and the friendly relationships that were formed in that desolate llano were bonds for life† ( 179 ) . It was through Ultima that Antonio discovers life is non what is ever seems. Narciso had died seeking to warn Ultima but few remembered anything good about him. Narciso had an interior goodness that had been hidden by his usage of intoxicant. Ultima taught Antonio to see the thaumaturgy in Narciso, merely as she had thought him to see the thaumaturgy in the river and all that surrounded it. At the terminal of the novel as Ultima is deceasing, Antonio once more understands # 8220 ; that the tragic effects of life can be overcome by the charming strength that resides in the human bosom # 8221 ; ( 237 ) . On her deathbed, Ultima explains, # 8220 ; the bird of Minerva was my spirit, my bond to the clip and harmoniousness of the existence # 8221 ; ( 260 ) . Like the bird of Minerva, Ultima is headed to # 8220 ; a new topographic point, a new clip # 8221 ; ( 260 ) . She reassures Antonio that she will ever be with him, # 8220 ; when the air current is soft and the bird of Minerva sing in the hills # 8221 ; ( 261 ) . Upon Ultima # 8217 ; s decease, Antonio is no longer afraid of decease. Birth, life, and decease are all portion of the universe and like Ultima ; Antonio excessively must travel through the procedure. He besides realizes he must non trust on his Catholic destiny but on his interior strength, his harmoniousness with nature, and a life-time of experience t o understand. In the hereafter, Antonio will construct his ain dreams, # 8220 ; out of those things that were so much a portion of my childhood # 8221 ; ( 261 ) . In the novel, Bless Me, Ultima, Antonio learns about his relationship with his existence. Through the instructions of Ultima, he learns to see with his bosom and to appreciate all the thaumaturgy that nature beholds. The river of life is neer stoping like the river that binds the llano to Guadalupe. All that Antonio has experienced is symbolized in the river and the life that surrounds it. Ultimately, it is his instructor and friend, Ultima, which teaches Antonio that life is a rhythm and that understanding oneself brings peace and harmoniousness. The river besides serves to adhere the yesteryear, nowadays, and hereafter. Antonio learns that his hereafter is tied to his yesteryear and that his fate will be guided by an apprehension of his heritage and # 8220 ; the charming strength that resides in the human bosom # 8221 ; ( 237 ) .

Chivalry in the Middle Ages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Flashcard

Chivalry in the Middle Ages: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying As I Lay Dying The concept of family usually suggests the notions of love and communication. If that were universally true, then the entirely opposite of this would be the cliched entity of the dysfunctional family. But William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying introduces us to an uncommon dysfunctional family, the Bundrens, and their story is told in a very exceptional manner. A wide range of Faulkners novels are set in the U. S. South, most definitely because he was raised in that region. For that purpose, he created a fictional setting for several of his novels, the Yoknapatawpha County, including this one, where it is depicted as an actively hostile environment, with floods and heat. As I Lay Dying chronicles the death of Addie Bundren, the family matriarch, and the subsequent journey to bury her corpse in her familys cemetery several miles away. As the story progresses, we encounter a series of events that range from darkly comic to completely unsettling, with the use of diction and irony. This book doesnt have a defined point-of-view. Each chapter features narration from one of the various characters in the book, including Addie herself. The narrators consist of family members, friends, acquaintances, and some onlookers. Each narrator provides a different perspective on individuals and events. This element of the novel is perhaps the most important one since it makes the book unique and at the same time it makes it dynamic, since we learn about the background of the members of the family and about their experiences from a different perspective in each chapter. : Indeed, at times the reader can only discern events by comparing information from various narrators. It also emphasizes a major theme in the novel: every character is essentially isolated from the others. Moreover, the characters in the novel do not communicate effectively with one another. Adding to this, when they do communicate, they only do it through banal statements; we never witness any external expression of emotion, we only observe their inner thoughts. Misunderstandings ensue due to this lack of communication between the family members. We have Anse, the patriarch, a selfish, lazy, and hypocrite man with a poor language, and the three sons and daughter he had with Addie: Cash, Darl, Vardaman and Dewey Dell. Then theres Jewel, whos the illegitimate lovechild of Addie and the town reverend, but nobody knows this. But out of all these characters, including Vernon and Cora Tull (their neighbors) and Dr. Peabody, the protagonist is, in my opinion, Addie. Even though she only narrates one chapter and shes dead throughout most of the book, her death and her body in a coffin serve as literary devices to give impetus to the plot and to the characters internal thinking. To some members of the family, like Cash and Jewel (Addies favorites), the journey to Jefferson to bury her is out of pure devotion, but to others, its a trip with ulterior motives; for Anse, to get new teeth and for Dewey Dell, to get an illegal abortion. These intricacies may seem tragically comic and ironic at first, but if given more thought, they seem more disturbing than anything. One of the most disturbing things about this novel is the characters of Darl and Vardaman and their constant questioning of identity. While Vardaman tries to deal with death by identifying his mother to a dead fish, Darl goes deeper into it by questioning his own existence, isolating himself more from others and falling into madness. One of the questions the novel seems to raise is if whether communication is of relevance or not in our daily lives, and after finishing reading this book, I can say it definitely is, whether we like talking to each other or not. Also, although this novel involves death, abortion and a dysfunctional family, Faulkners choice of tone is quite defying: a dark, humorous tone, often ironic. Perhaps the most outrageous moment is by the end of the novel when, after all the family has endured and lost, Anse has already gotten a new wife days after Addie has been buried. This kind of turn of events makes it hard to extract some sort of lesson out of the novel. But asides from humor, Faulkner utilizes another literary device, the stream-of-consciousness technique, most notably during Vardamans and Darls rants. Through these passages, we delve deep into Faulkners examination of the human mind and we discover that it is a profound and complex thing, almost unexplainable. Still, are we all destined to end up like Darl, in a mental asylum, just by questioning some of lifes complexities? Before we even think to boggle our heads with our own identity, I learned we should first have some sort of self-assurance so we dont lose a sense of self if we discover something unpleasant about ourselves in any personal psychological examination. If one does find anything unlikable, just thinking of people like the Bundrens is enough to cheer one up. Bibliography: -Faulkner, William As I Lay Dying

Tasty Meals LtD Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tasty Meals LtD Case Study - Essay Example Therefore, the profit margins of the company are high, and they owe the success of the business to the employees since the employees are the driving force of the company. Consequently, Tasty meals Ltd should increase their hourly rate wages to employees, and treat them well. The Philippines is one of the most populated countries in the Middle East and the business tends to thrive in this market. Therefore, employees have a justification to get a pay rise and respectful treatment from the authorities. 2. Should Tasty meals Ltd be held responsible for the problems caused by unhealthy junk foods and high--?calorie? Why or why not? (hint; in a free market, customers have plenty of alternatives to Tasty meals Ltd to choose from) It is the corporate social responsibility of a company or organization to ensure that it meets the requirements of its customers and deliver the appropriate services to clients. Therefore, tasty meals Ltd should be accountable for the problems caused by unhealthy junk food. In any business, the customer should come first because he or she is the heart of the business. Without a customer in place, the company is bound to fail or collapse. Therefore, the chain of restaurant should ensure that it delivers healthy foods by taking into account the health issues of its customers. Since it is widely known in the country based on its services and its products, the restaurant should ensure that it maintains its brand name by offering quality services. It should invest more in healthy foods and avoid junk, which is unhealthy. Obviously, customers have other alternatives to tasty meals but that does not justify the company providing unhealthy food to its customers. 3. Is it reasonable to demand from Tasty meals Ltd to give up a cost effective and Convenient use of disposable tableware and containers because it is considered being unfriendly to the environment? Why or why not? For a company such as tasty meals and especially in the hospitality industry, it is the prerogative of the company to ensure that it uses efficient disposable tableware. This will earn it an impeachable reputation, and it will attract many customers. In today’s world, customers are highly sensitive to the operations of a company and tend to scrutinize its social and environmental responsibility. It is, therefore, reasonable to demand cost effective and convenient use of disposable tableware and containers from the restaurant. This will ensure a healthy and safe environment from its operations. 4. Is it reasonable to demand from Tasty meals Ltd to impose its code of conduct directives to the suppliers it works with if they are involved in illegal or unethical practices? Do you agree? Why (not)? Tasty meals Ltd should ensure that it maintains its brand name by ensuring that it is involved in good and legitimate practices. Therefore, it is reasonable to make demands from the restaurant to impose its conduct directives to suppliers. This will ensure that advertising and marketing strategies gear towards creating positive awareness of the company. It must ensure that its suppliers are involved in legal and ethical practices to build on the reputation of tasty meals. The restaurant should withdraw services if it realizes that the suppliers are involved in illegal and unethical practices. 5. Overall do you consider Tasty meals Ltd complying with corporate governance principles? Can it be said that Tasty meals Ltd is an ethical and socially responsible Corporation? Tasty

The Case of the Spelunkers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Case of the Spelunkers - Essay Example It is not morally and politically correct for people to act as Gods and decide the fate of another person even when we are in the face of intense pressure. In our case, the fact that the four men were stranded in the middle of nowhere and were in danger of starving to death does not give them the right to vote as who should live and who should die. The fact that Peter, Greg and John connived to give Paul the shortest straw can be considered as an act of discrimination. You see, these three men knew the present circumstances of Paul and apparently, the three of them decided that Paul is the person who is least likely to be missed by his family and his community. The discriminatory treatment against Paul is not only unfair, it is also immoral. Note also that the relationship of the four friends is based on mutual trust and confidence and the act of the three other men of conniving against Paul constitute an act of betrayal. Even if Paul was unemployed and he has not achieved much in li fe that does not mean that he is expendable. We have to understand that every human being should be treated equally regardless of his or her background. On the other hand, based on the facts of our case, Paul did not want to take part in the scheme that Peter, Greg and John hatched is evident. He expressly told his friends that he did not want to take part in the plan of â€Å"sacrificing† someone so that the others could live. Since Paul did not give his express consent to his friends that they could eat him, his friends should never have forced him to sacrifice himself. On the other hand, even if Paul agreed to the plan of Peter, Greg and John, that does not make the plan to kill someone moral or legal. Taking another person’s life constitutes manslaughter or homicide at the very least and such act is punishable under the law. With regards to the reaction of the public, outraged

BIO 345 - Topic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIO 345 - Topic Paper - Essay Example n of human breast cancer cells by upregulating ZNF703 expression†, Yongguo et al (2015) target an lncRNA SPRY-4-IT1 which has a close association with cancer. SPRY-4-IT1 or SPRY-4 intronic transcript 1 is almost 708 basepair long non-coding RNA which is present on a locus in chromosome 5. The lncRNA SPRY-4-IT1 was studied thoroughly and it was seen that this particular product was highly expressed in melanoma cells. To understand the role of this gene and the association of the gen with breast cancer, Yongguo et al conducted a clinical study. The tissue to be studies was collected from 48 patients who had undergone surgical breast cancer resection Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical,  China between 2012- 2013. The 48 different breast cancer cell lines were taken, RNA was extracted from them and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was performed on each of samples collected. Gain and loss of functions methodology was adopted to understand the role of the gene in-vitro. Using microarray bioinformatics analysis of the potential targets was computed. These results were further verified using other methods such as rescue experiments, western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction methods. The results show that up regulation of the SPRY4-IT1 occurs which was far above that in the normal breast tissues. The researchers also found a close association between the expression of the gene and the size of the tumor. Pathologically, it was seen that the gene was also expressed in advance cases of breast cancer. The researchers noticed that when this particular gene was knocked down, the proliferation of the malignant breast cells was drastically reduced and apoptosis in the cancerous cells was also induced. Using computational methods and other wet laboratory methods the target of the gene was recognized to be ZNF703 gene. ZNF703 is a breast cancer oncogene which helps in the regulation of normal cell division in the cells and

Family Structure Policy

Family Structure Policy HOW CHANGES IN THE FAMILY STRUCTURE HAVE AFFECTED POLICY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM INTRODUCTION An introduction to social policy Social policy refers to the study of social welfare and how it relates to politics and the society. The United Kingdom is a unitary state where the central government controls all the activities of government. Demographic changes in the society have strong implications on government policy as far as sound decision-making is concerned. These changes come in form of divorce rates, decline in marriage as the fundamental institution of society, rise in cohabitation and many others. Irwin, S. (1999) In each administrative region we have a secretary of state and administrative departments situated in the central government with respective assemblies and executive. Laws in these administrative regions differ from one region to another. For example laws which apply in England and Wales tend to differ from those in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Social services in the UK are under the health board but changes do occur frequently. The main government departments dealing with social policy in the UK are as follows. Central government The central government is in charge of National organisations and Local government Parliament is responsible for Primary legislation, Local authorities and London boroughs Cabinet Office undertakes reforms in the Public service The Treasury in charge of economy policy of the government and financing Department of Health provides healthcare, social services and community care. Department for Work and Pensions Is responsible for national insurance, social assistance and creation of employment. Department for Communities and Local Government is in charge of Local government; Urban policy; Housing and environmental health Ministry of Justice Law and order Department for Children, Schools and Families -manage Schools; Education welfare; Learning disability (5-18); childrens services The administration of welfare in the UK The administration system in the UK has undergone major reforms with the first phase covering the 1960s and 1970s where by planning and control of public expenditure was shifted to treasury. The second phase between 1980s and 1990s saw the restructuring of the civil service and the administration of welfare. The British social policy was dominated by poor laws way back from 1598 to 1948 for instance the Elizabethan poor law of 1601 provided for a compulsory poor rate, creation of overseers of relief and â€Å"setting the poor on work†. FAMILY STRUCTURE According to research there has been notable decrease in the percentage of people living in households comprising the traditional family unit. Around 2001 Chinese and Asian communities had families with greater proportion of married couples; while on the other hand other ethnic groups like the black, white Caribbean had the greater proportion of cohabiting couples. In the year 2004 according to statistics eight out of 10 people in the UK lived in a family household but however the same statistics indicate the there is a decline in this form of structure because for past 40 years there has been an increase in the number of people living alone. This trend has been accelerated by high divorce and cohabitation rates. Increase in the number of breakouts and the number of births occurring outside marriage has had a hand in this trend. Since 1972 the proportion of children living in larger families has declined Different ethnic groups differ in terms of size of household for instance Asian households tend to be bigger that other ethnic groups and can comprise of even three generations. About 12% of births in the UK in the year 1980 were outside marriage. By the year 2000 the figures had increased to about 41% making UK the leading country with such births in the EU. Most of these births are as a result of cohabitation. About household chores, women spend about four hours in activities such as washing, cooking, and ironing. This is about one and a half hours more than that of men. CHANGES IN THE FAMILY STRUCTURE Changes if family structure comes about in terms of composition and size of households. For instance there is change from 2 parent families to single parenthood. Maternal employment is also evident in the UK whereby mothers go out to look for paid employment. Other changes are in form of: Changes in employment and household resourcing In the UK for the past decades there have been trends in polarisation especially for women at individual level and at the level of household. There has been a notable alteration of gender in relation to education, employment and household resourcing. Growth in participation of post-compulsory education has also been witnessed for the past few decades party associated with employment opportunity structure family relations of partial dependence and obligations. Some of the factors contributing towards income inequalities include: The rising gap between the highly paid and the lowly paid with increasing premiums for skills and qualifications. The numbers of workless households increase faster than the overall official unemployment rates. Marriage cohabitation and divorce A steady decline in marriage has been noted since early 1970s in the UK.Postponement of marriage has been observed in some household and it is mainly contributed to by cohabitation. Continued growth has had an impact on peoples perception concerning morality and living arrangements. Within cohabiting unions child bearing has become very common. The UK has the highest divorce rates in the entire European union .Marital ties are increasingly being based on emotions and romantic love rather than material necessity. Living apart together -this is a term used to refer to people having a partner in what is understood to be a sexual relationship. It is similar to co-residential cohabitation or living together because the two parties regard themselves as a couple (Murphy and Wang 1999). Lone parenthood Sociologists have continued to regard lone parenthood as an indicator of family change. By 1991 around 20% of all families with dependent children were headed by a lone parent. This growth was due to increase in divorce rates, single parents and never married parent. ( McKay and Marsh 1994). Fertility In the UK there was marked rise in fertility during the post war period then a decline in fertility. Two major components of the rise in fertility are the change in family size and the period for parenthood. Most women born in Britain in the late 1940s have remained childess.This trend has been cited by sociologists as important. (ONS 1997; and Irwin 1999). EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE FAMILY STRUCTURE ON SOCIAL POLICY Key in the implications of these changes in the family is the explosion of the non-marital child bearing. Changing of family structures has led to legislations by the government for instance the family law in Scotland. Poverty and disadvantage have serious implications on the social policy that seeks to create a level playing field in the nation and especially for the children Boheim, R. and Ermisch, J. (1998). Child poverty is firmly on the agenda of many European countries. It entails strategies which aim at increasing the income for low income earners with children. This is by promoting policies which will increase employment for poor families. Hall, R., Ogden, P.E. and Hill, C. (1999) A successful strategy should seek a balanced approach whereby improved benefits and improved incentives. For many years the rights of a child have been on top of the agenda for EU recently measures have been put in place to establish a comprehensive strategy to promote and effectively implement the rights in both internal and external policies. Women with high qualifications are likely to enter into partnership at later years than those at low levels of education or the non- educated. Also those women who are less educated are likely to have high divorce rates than those with high education. Working mothers have an impact on the Childs well- being. It brings additional income and lifts many families out of poverty. Those who grow up poor early are likely to leave home early and are likely to be less educated. Despite widespread economic growth and progress in poverty reduction, in the UK the child remains the most vulnerable population. This because they are at high risk of living in poverty with the changing structure and composition of the family. Children are missing out on the on political and economic agenda. Participatory approaches should therefore be initiated involvement of all stakeholders including particularly the children and young people. The perspectives of children from single parenthood should be included in policy formulation and implementation so as to combat poverty. CONCLUSION In the UK today households are made in many different ways and people have a variety of patterns of working. The current patterns and trends in familial lifestyles are key determinants of the level of developments in employment and patterns of inequality. Changes in composition of households are key demographic indicators of changing living standards and lifestyles. These changes remain top on the agenda for the government so as to institute measures aimed at reducing poverty levels for instance the government has put children at its centre of its social policy agenda. This is evident by increasing the levels of in-work support for low -income parents and initiating programmes to support parents from disadvantaged areas. REFERENCES www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/uk.htmDownloaded 28/04/2008 www.agf.org.uk/pubs/pdfs/1383Ageingweb.pdf Downloaded 28/04/2008 www.leeds.ac.uk/CAVA/papers/wsp7b.pdf Downloaded 29/04/2008 www.deafnessatbirth.org.uk/content2/support/diversity/03/index.html Downloaded29/04/2008 Cooper, W. (1999) LFS Household Data: Spring 1998 Analyses Labour Market Trends (January) 31-40. Hutton, S. (1994) Mens and womens incomes: evidence from survey data Journal of Social Policy 23 (1): 21-40.

Classification Essay - Three Types of Annoying Shoppers -- Classificat

The Three Types of Annoying Shoppers Tires squeal across the hot asphalt; exhaust fumes fill the air. Innocent shoppers leap to safety as cars circle the neighborhood grocery store lot in search of the ideal parking spot. Engines revving. Adrenaline rushing. The driver's sole mission is to obtain a white lined rectangle of pavement before entering the race known as shopping. As a safety precaution, competent and considerate shoppers should be aware of the distinct character traits of the three annoying types of shoppers: Hurry Harry, Suburban Sally, and Picky Pete. Knowledge of their parking-lot-to-checkout-stand habits increases the chance of avoiding a head-on collision. The first annoying type of shopper, Hurry Harry, generally parks his dented 1967 Ford Fairland in the No Parking or Handicap zone. Stickers attached to the bumper of his tricolored heap proudly proclaim: "At least it's paid for" and "My Mercedes is in the shop." Cigarette butts and candy wrappers tumble onto the pavement as Hurry Harry, with a barrel-chested chassis and a fleshy front end, pushes his way into the grocery store. He weaves his way through the traffic of shoppers, cutting them off at the aisle intersections, creating a fourteen cart pileup. His basket overflows with instant, frozen, or ready-to-eat food. Finally, the final lap: the checkout stand. Ignoring the flashing sign for ten items or less, he dumps his purchases on the conveyer belt. He taps his foot impatiently, mumbling about the long lines, while counting another customer's dozen eggs as twelve items. When the cashier announces the total, he fumbles with a wad of bills, grumbling about the prices, before askin g for a pen. A rearview mirror is necessary to avoid Hurry Harry. ... ...s neat and orderly cart before heading to the checkout stand. As the cashier confirms his credit card, he rebags his items. Insurance and a solid ego are necessary if you are unfortunate enough to run into Picky Pete at the store. In conclusion, the competent and considerate shopper is at the mercy of the three types of annoying shoppers. Unfortunately, tickets are not issued for parking thoughtlessly, driving shopping carts recklessly, blocking aisle traffic needlessly, or treating others arrogantly. However, armed with the knowledge of the habits of Hurry Harry, Suburban Sally, and Picky Pet, the average consumer may avoid a head-on collision, and possibly survive a trip to the grocery store. To be on the safe side, shoppers should reread their warranty; written in small print is a clause covering ten thousand miles or one shopping trip, whichever comes first.

Great Citizenship Essay

Do you consider yourself a good citizen? Do you feel you’ve helped enough just to keep a good conscious or is there more you can do to actually be considered a good Samaritan by nature? Everyone defines citizenship differently, but overall the intentions of good citizenship are all the same. In the article, Great Citizenship, by Eric Liu, and Nick Hanauer, citizenship is carefully examined and defined as much more than a legal citizen in a particular country. Liu and Hanauer inform the readers on what citizenship really means, what people are missing out on and what more they can do to better themselves as citizens and help society. Doing things out of the kindness of my heart to help another, as well as obeying laws, are things I consider good citizenship. To be a good citizen is to have good intentions. â€Å"By â€Å"Citizenship† we do not mean legal documentation status. We mean living in a pro-social way at every scale of life. We mean showing up for each other† Eric Liu and Nick Hanauer. Great Citizenship. Being a citizen is much more than person who legally belongs to a specific country with legal rights. It involves random acts of kindness not only when it’s convenient but also when it’s inconvenient. Partake in good acts even when others aren’t around such as recycling, throwing misplaced trash in nearby trash cans, helping elders with their groceries, so on and so forth. Every individual leads different lives therefore they have their own burdens and problems to deal with. People are so overwhelmed and focused on themselves that they don’t pay much attention to others and their struggles. As an overwhelmed individual I have the tendency to overlook someone else’s issues whether that someone asks for help or not. I can identify to this part of the reading in a negative way but I can also identify to the reading  in a numerous of positive ways. For example, boosting the confidence of others and giving them a sense of good self-esteem. When I see someone is feeling down I try to make that individuals day in any way I can whether I personally know him/her or not. I â€Å"Make Courtesy Count†. Being courteous to another brings out a feeling of importance and respect whether if it’s a compliment or a simple thing like manners. Out of the five rules I strongly support small acts of leadership compound. Participating in events that help others in school or in your community are huge acts of good citizenship. By helping others or maintaining a stable community you open the doors for others to participate by being a role model. My behavior is influenced by the actions of others by the bandwagon effect. A bandwagon is a popular activity or effort that affects growing support. I’m a good citizen by nature but I’ve also learned to be a good citizen by observing others and their acts of kindness. I see how helping others can make someone’s day and make their life easier and less stressful. My behavior can be modified in a positive and beneficial way by participating more in school and in my community. I can join clubs, or help out around the city by leaving areas nicer than I left it. I can greet more people as I go along my day instead of just greeting them at work as I’m supposed to. Liu, and Hanauer’s beneficial article makes great points that the average person easy overlooks. Being a great citizen is much more than it is thought out to be. Great citizenship hasn’t died out completely, but is overlooked by many everywhere. Paying more attention to our everyday actions can greatly benefit society and will be used more in the future. Generations to come will know more of what it means to be a great citizen.

Japanese Internment essays

Japanese Internment essays If a man feeds off a fellow man he should be treated as a mad dog and be dealt the same fate This is practically the idea our nation went by to avenge Pearl Harbor which was totally unacceptable. On the night of December 6th 1941 no more than 1000 planes were on their way to Pearl Harbor and unfortunately the United States was attacked. That is no excuse for taking more than 120,000 Americans and putting them into internment camps. Our Nations leaders feared its own citizens and decided to lock them up. The morning after the attack on Pearl Harbor most Japanese citizens never even heard of Pearl Harbor and yet all were held responsible for the attack (Wataksuki , Pg 9). The Japanese people were in disarray and confusion about what really happened and what was going to happen to them. Most Japanese Americans tried getting their families together just in case the worst case scenario happened, and it did. As soon as most Japanese Americans really knew what happened, a majority of these citizensburnt or threw a way any items that represented Japan; Flags, letters, priceless kimonos, and even fine antique china. Almost a week after the incident FBI agents started questioning families and taking relatives away. Any individuals that did any off shore fishing or anything that dealt with any Asian country were the first to be taken to interrogation, and eventual Internment. The families eventually knew that the internment was coming so many tried to prepare for its harshness. When the Japa nese tried selling their valuables and of course they received a small fraction of what the object was really worth. Other Japanese Americans decided to store their objects instead of selling them, which was to no avail, Most were ransacked or taken away by the government. Eventually the land the Japanese owned was sold so cheap that it was near one-tenth of its original price (Home). Anyone would lose faith in their country for ma...

integration essays

integration essays The dictionary defines integration as a way to make schools, parks, and other facilities available to people of all races on an equal basis. Before 1960, both black and white americans alone have basically lived seperately, in society itself, but kind of in their own way. Now of course in todays society integrating blacks and whites, isnt as quite as a problem that it used to be during the 1960s and 1970s. Now during the time periods 1960 and 1970, integration was introduced into the white schools. The reason this was able to happen, is because before 1960 all of the black schools were unequal in comparison to the white schools having better facilities and more useful supplies to be taught with. Thus resulting in discrimination against the blacks ability to be educated at the same rate as the white schools. As a result of this, the majority of the white society came together and rebeled against the governments decision to integrate schools. Such problems that occered during this whole dispute was rioting, both outside the schools and inside as well. Which then resulted in the black society to stand up for themselves and become more involved in whats going on. Because of this whole disagreement between the two races, the black students that attend the integrated schools, well they were caught in between everything that happened and everywhere. In conclusion, I feel that because of society changing so quickly back then, equality itself had a chance to turn out very much successful. Now on the other hand I felt that even though the timing was just perfect for this to happen, integration wasnt. I feel that it didnt have enough time to evolve into society. Such reason that because of its eagar ability to become one with society, it could as very well leave another loop hole to which more problems could occur. Such that in the early 1800s, around 160 years since ...

Differences between IFRS and AAIOFI standards Term Paper

Differences between IFRS and AAIOFI standards - Term Paper Example The development of the international accounting standards and its acceptance would help in reducing the compliance costs and in the process would develop consistency in the quality of the audit. (IFRS in your pocket 2005, p. 2) What are IFRS standards? The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been enforced by International Accounting Standards Committee for the better understanding by the equity investors, the lenders and anyone else who uses the information. The world securities regulators have been recommended by the International Organization of Securities Commission to allow the foreign users to use IFRS in making financial statements for the cross border offerings and listings. The uses of IFRSs have been made obligatory in the consolidated statements of the listed Europe companies from the year 2005. It has also been reported that many countries have started replacing their national GAAP by IFRSs in their domestic companies in comparison with the other nation s which are adopting policies to approve IFRSs either verbatim or in the exact manner as their national standards. The IASB and the US counterpart of it, the Financial Accounting Standard Boards, have taken up a comprehensive agenda to converge the IFRSs and the US GAAP as much as possible over the next several years. A convergence project has also been initiated with Japan. The pre-requisites of the global business is a global capital market which is ensured by superior governance, better-quality laws and a set of internationally accepted accounting standards. The IFRSs standards have been largely accepted around the world. The Standards of IFRS 1. The initial acceptance of the International Financial Reporting standards. The objective of the standard was to lay down the process when the IFRSs are being newly adopted by any organization while drafting its financial statements for common purpose. The statement includes an overview of the financial statements for the first time entit ies and they should draft their accounting policies according to the IFRSs which have been enforced from 31st December, 2005. The organization is needed to frame its financial statements at least for the years 2005 and 2004 and also should reaffirm the opening balance sheet. As IAS 1 requires the comparative financial data of the previous one year minimum the opening balance sheet that will be produced should be of January 1, 2004 if not earlier than that. If the entity adopts the standards on 31st December 2005 and produce selected portion of the financial data on an IFRS basis for the period before 2004 along with its financial statements for the year 2004 and 2005, that would not change the fact that the opening balance sheet according to the IFRSs standards will be of 1st January 2004. (p. 57) 2. Share Based Statement The objective of the standard is to lay down for the transaction which involves the receiving or acquiring of goods or services by the entity either as a â€Å"co nsideration for its equity instruments or by incurring liabilities for amount based on the price of the entity’s shares or other equity instruments of the entity†. (p. 58) The Standard specifies the mandatory recognition of the entire share based payments in the financial statements on the basis of a fair value measurement. It also specifies the recognition of any goods and

Paramedic care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paramedic care - Essay Example Essay Plan Introduction: Paramedic care, a significant branch of healthcare profession, involves taking care of the patients when they need immediate medical attention. CFR (Certified First Responder) is a paramedic professional whose duty is to provide pre hospital care for medical emergencies. A person in this profession needs to have apt skills to tackle the problems they confront, under emergency situations. The occupation also calls for quick response and understanding the primary needs of the task in hand. In addition, the CFR must be mentally prepared to face circumstances that involve fatal eventualities, where quick evaluation of victims and managing them through good communication skills are crucial. Finally, a CFR needs to take adequate care and exercise caution while transferring the patients to hospitals. Thus, a CFR, to be effective in his role, has to possess many traits like basic skills of understanding of his duty and human psychology, be able to confront emergent s ituations and deal with them through proper evaluation and quick response. Body of the essay: 1. A CRF needs to possess appropriate educational qualifications as prescribed for this position. He should be physically, mentally, and emotionally able to meet job demands.

Impact of Culture on International Marketing Strategy Assignment

Impact of Culture on International Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example From the international business perspective culture refers to the distinct way of living for the people of a particular society. The term culture includes but is not limited to values, beliefs, assumption, moral, ethics, religion, etc of a society. These factors of culture are gradually learned from the members of the society and are passed from one generation to others. It defines and determines the ways in which the people of a particular society live. In addition to this, the culture of a society also determines what is acceptable and what is unacceptable for a society (Helsen 2009). As the market of developed countries like UK are getting saturated, and because of high level of competition it become important for the organization to look for the new territories and markets (Doole and Lowe 2008). Markets of developing countries like India and China are in the state of evolution and their economy is booming, because of which there are good amount of opportunities are present for th e foreign organizations. This statement can be supported by the fact that sales rates for Coca-Cola get doubled every three years in the countries like India, China and Indonesia, whereas in developed countries its average growth rates are below 5% (Fletcher 2007). Thus it can be said that developing countries provides more growth opportunities in comparison to the developed countries. But to capitalize these opportunities it is important for the organization to adopt a strong marketing strategy for such international markets. Currently, companies like Coca-Cola are targeting the elite population of developing countries. Most of the firms having imperialist mindset, which made them to sell the same products without any change as per the needs of the new market and consumers. Most of the organization believes that with the increase in the income level, people will start using their products. But this approach of the organization will help them to utilize only a part of the total mark et. At this stage, the role of international marketing come into the act as it helps the organization to understand the different market drivers, through which organization can capitalize the market well. Different market drivers are technology, culture, competition, etc. (Giligan and Hird 1986)

Performance and Management Essay Example for Free

Performance and Management Essay Performance and Management A. Policy For Recognizing Employee Contributions The purpose of this report is to use the compensation system we previously developed in Phases I and II to pay people, develop plans that reward performance, add benefits into the mix, and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performance, such as merit pay, lump-sum bonus plans, skill-based pay, incentive plans, variable pay plans, risk sharing, and success sharing. It is basically a pay plan that moves away from the traditional base pay and across-the-board increases, and focuses more on factors of performance that can increase overall productivity for a company. Performance-based-pay plans can be very effective in creating a positive impact in performance of both employees and a company as a whole, but only is the plan is designed well. In order to be successful, it is crucial that the performance-pay plan be designed to support FastCat’s business strategy and compensation objectives. To design this pay-for-performance plan, we will recommend a specific policy plan that is tailored to FastCat’s goals towards success. We will compare different performance-based plans, which include individual vs. group incentives and merit vs. incentive pay, to see which combinations will help FastCat compete more effectively. a. Emphasis on Individual vs. Group Incentives Two strategies to consider with performance-based-pay plans are providing individual incentives, group incentives, or both. Individual incentive plans involve incentive compensation that is tied directly to objective measures of individual production. On the other hand, group incentive plans are incentive plans that are based on some measure of group performance rather than individual performance. Taking data on a past year as a base, group incentive plans may focus on cost savings or on profit increases as the standard for distributing a portion of the accrued funds among relevant employees. We recommend a mixture of both individual incentive and group incentive pay plans. How the individual incentive plan will work is there will be a year-end bonus pool as function of company performance. The employee’s share in the pool will be based on three factors: (1) employee’s grade, (2) employees personal performance analysis, (3) employee’s tenure at the company. This plan will go hand-in-hand with the group incentive plan we recommend, which will be a profit-sharing plan. A profit-sharing plan is a plan that focuses on profitability as the standard for group incentive. This group incentive plan will encourage employees to work hard as a team to create better company performance overall. We used the balanced scorecard approach to measure the company’s performance. A balanced scorecard approach is a way to look at what contributes value in an organization. It is a corporate-wide overall performance measure typically incorporating financial results, process improvements, customer service, and innovation. We determined that there are eight main elements that must be measured to determine good company performance. These metrics, which are weighted differently based on importance to FastCat’s business strategy, are as follows: (1) revenue growth, (2) labor costs, (3) innovation, (4) customers see FastCat representatives as responsive and knowledgeable, (5) customers value FastCat solutions, (6) employees take pride in working for FastCat, (7) employees have the tools and support to do their jobs, (8) employees understand how to make teams successful. In essence, the individual incentive plan and the group incentive plan work together to increase both individual performance and company performance. The better the company performs based on the balanced scorecard approach, the more money there is for the bonus pool in the individual incentive plan. b. Emphasis on Merit vs. Variable Pay All the pieces of this compensation system fit together Add justification on why this matches FastCat’s business and compensation objectives from problems B. Implementation a. Matching FastCat Jobs With Benchmark Survey Jobs When matching FastCat jobs with benchmark survey jobs we first had to separate the jobs at FastCat into four different job families: engineering, technical, marketing, and administration. We started off with sixteen FastCat positions of the various job families and matched them with the benchmark jobs based on the responsibilities of the job as well as the experience and competencies required to hold the position. For example, take the engineering family. For the Engineer 1 of the benchmark survey job, it is described by the following statements: â€Å"Participates in development, testing and documentation of software programs. Performs design and analysis tasks as a project team member. Typical minimum requirements are a Bachelor’s degree in a scientific field or the equivalent and up to two years of experience. † We compared that to the Usability Engineer in our own organization. Some responsibilities of the Usability Engineer are as follows: â€Å"Contributes to the development and implementation of FastCat web applications,† â€Å"work with FastCat quality assurance to ensure integrity of FastCat software; test, debug, and fix data,† and â€Å"design appropriate software testing strategies. † The position requires a B. S. egree in Computer Science or related field plus at least two years of experience. A competency required of the position is to communicate with team members, support team decisions, and work effectively as part of a team. As the numbers within the families of the benchmark jobs increase (Engineer 2, Engineer 3) the responsibilities, experience, and competencies required of the position also increase. For example, Senior Fellow, the position we assigned the most JE points in the organization to, was matched with Engineer 5, the highest position in the benchmark engineer family. . Determining Relevant Market(s) When selecting market competitors to establish our suggested pay policy line for FastCat our team tried a few different markets before deciding on the one we felt most reflected the values of the company. The first market group we chose to try was all the surveyed industries provided to us by FastCat. This line fit well with our benchmark jobs being fairly close to the line on both the high and low end. The second fit we looked into was just using the data regarding Software companies, this line seemed to fit slightly better than the previous with jobs on both the high and low end of the JE scale being fairly evenly distributed above and below the line. The final fit we tried was software companies with the exception of company 15 because we found that their compensation data created a huge outlier from the average of the other companies. We decided to go with the final fit of only software companies excluding company 15 because we felt this line best reflected our views on which jobs were most important. c. Adjusting our Data for More Desirable Regression Results Our team was rather flexible when making decisions about possible adjustments to our data during and after making our regression results. At first when our team was benchmarking the FastCat jobs against other companies, we felt that a couple FastCat jobs were very similar. We matched two of them with the same survey job titles. The first match was Software Developer and Implementation Consultant, which were both matched with â€Å"Engineer 2†. The second match was with Administrative Assistant II and the Administrative Aide, which were both matched with â€Å"Office Support 2†. When we were entering the data into the software to create a regression analysis, we realized that we would only be able to create this analysis on fourteen jobs, instead of the sixteen that was expected. We initially decided that moving some of our matches around and entering full data for all sixteen jobs would be the proper route to take. Our R? number was not where we wanted it to be after doing this; coming in at less than . 70, and this was probably because it was a bit forced and unnatural for us to change the jobs around just to get the full amount of jobs. Going back to our original benchmarking brought our R? up considerably. When we looked at the new data we saw that there was one major outlier and it was the Senior Quality Assurance Technician. Our team had marked this position at a â€Å"Technician 4† originally, but we all took a look at the FastCat information again and reached an agreement that we had made a mistake in benchmarking the position. What threw us off at first was the statement that the Senior Quality Assurance Technician was, â€Å"at the direction of the Implementation Consultant, which had a rather low amount of Job Evaluation points. We decided to move the position from a â€Å"Technician 4† to a â€Å"Technician 5†. This is the last change we made, and it gave us our final R? of . 882. d. Different Grades and Ranges Regarding grades of pay and the range of pay within those grades we chose to go with 4 grades of 100 JE points each. We found this to be a satisfactory suggestion as the jobs falling within these ranges have a relatively similar importance to the company and should be compensated in a way that demonstrates this. We used 15% as our selected range for all grades, meaning that the amount paid in each grade would range from 15% below to 15% above the midpoint of our pay policy line within that grade. With the results from the selected grades and ranges we had one difficulty; the difference in pay from grade 1 to grade 2 was nearly $10,000. To fix this discrepancy and encourage our lower level employees to stay with the company we chose to use an above market policy of 15% for this grade to close the gap. After completing these steps we had a pay policy that we felt was right to suggest to the FastCat Company for their base wage policy.

Job Order Costing Process Costing and Activity Based Costing

Job Order Costing Process Costing and Activity Based Costing A cost accounting system is the sum methods and techniques used by businesses allowing them to track resources consumed in production and distribution of services or goods to consumers. These methods and techniques are used by the management in order to evaluate and reward staff performance, by employees in order to manage recourses efficiently while the cost accounting system is also used for external reporting requirements meaning balance sheets and income statements. The cost accounting system is usually designed to meet particular needs of individual companies, for that reason there are three main systems businesses apply according to their needs. Job Order Costing is a cost system used to accumulate costs of jobs also called batches. Job order costing is used when individual production centres or departments work on a variety of products rather than one king of a product during a specific period of time. Prime costs and factory overhead costs are the two categories of production costs monitored with this method. Process costing is a type of costing system used for production of small identical, low-cost items. Process costing averages the costs and cant be directly traced to individual products. Activity based costing (ABC) is designed to assign costs to activities. This method has become popular because of the fact that the complexity of businesses keeps growing and so does their need to assign increasingly large indirect costs to the appropriate department or activity. ABC is the process where costing is assigned based on the cause and effect relationship between costs and activities that drive costs. What are major objectives of a cost accounting system in a hospitality establishment? Within hospitality establishments cost accounting systems help successfully achieve the following management objectives: Measuring the various needs and generated revenues of departments Monitoring and controlling the progress of each department Department related data gathered is used to evaluate costs and make proper adjustments and corrections in operating procedures What are the major objectives of a cost accounting system system in a manufacturing company? In manufacturing and service companies cost accounting systems help achieve the following management objectives. They provide the managers with helpful information regarding planning, cost control procedures and determining unit production costs. In most cases manufacturing companies also use a complete job cost sheet which contains Cost Summary and Unit Cost information since manufacturing costs are not immediately recorded as current period expenses. These information include total and costs per unit for: Direct materials, which are the raw materials used in production which costs are directly traceable throughout the product manufacturing process. Direct labour, which are the wages and other pay roll costs of employees whose efforts are directly traceable throughout the product manufacturing process. Manufacturing overhead, is the category including all other manufacturing costs like utilities aside for the above mentioned ones. What are the procedures in job order costing, process costing and activity based costing. Job order costing process is a specific set of events which will usually occur with each job. Generally the process is as follows: an order (or sale order) is received for the batch of products, a production order is issued from the sale order materials and labour are ordered and tracked for the set of products, manufacturing overhead is allocated to the job using a predetermined rate (usually per labour or per machine hour). In fact manufacturing overhead will not affect the work in process account; instead it is changed to a control account. Direct labour and materials are charged by the accountant to the work in process accounts using the actual quantity acquired. These quantities are all tracked using a job costing sheet which will likely be already a computerized ledger and use used for each job. Spoilage which surpasses expected levels based on the job at hand is considered a period cost and is reclassified from work in process account into a separate account so it can be addre ssed by the management. Process costing procedures follow specific procedures and while exact procedures may differ between different companies and businesses, but they generally follow these steps. While other types of costing are initiated when a sale order is issued, a sale order is not required for process costing as it is a continuous process. The work in process accounts are separated departments and are named according to the department they reflect on e.g. Work in process- FB department. The first department in the production process makes the first entry into the work in process account, generally for the raw materials. While the products move from department to department entries are made to each work in process account of each department. Direct labour costs are recorded at each period. Actual overhead costs are recorded; no contra-account in needed because there is no over- or under-applied overhead due to the actual costs being applied. Indirect costs are applied to the overhead account in actual amounts. Activity based costing procedures can be more complicated to set up and operate than other costing systems. The activity based costing procedures are: Only if a cost driver cant be recognized a cost can be assigned on an allocative basis. Related cost pools are assigned to an overhead rate on costs drivers. Cost pools are used to assign costs; the basis depends on the business and industry. Costs can be assigned to units, batches or products. These pools can be combined to look at facilities, divisions, or other levels of cost classifications. Costs can then be evaluated in order to see how and where they are occurring, knowing this the management can discern what cists are controllable and how they arise. Which costing methods (job order costing, process costing and activity costing) are best suited to the following businesses and why: Old Home Bakery, Inc (a bakery that produces to order): It will be able to use job order costing because it is designed for businesses which work with orders rather than mass production. Apache Oil and Gas Refinery: Because the products are similar or identical the process costing is the appropriate method the business should apply. It is also recommended because the company uses an automated continuous process. The Sea View Resort Hotel: the hotel is best recommended to use the job order costing because it offers services and the method is designed for such businesses. Willie Wonkers Chocolate Factory: because the business produces a standard item which units are identical it is best to apply the process costing method. Harris and Harris Law Firm: Since this business offers services in the form of legal counselling or legal representation is it best to use the job order costing which refers to a desired unit which might not be identical to another offered service. Explain and evaluate LIFO, FIFO and AVCO techniques. LIFO stands for last-in first-out what means that recent purchases will be stored recorded and sold before the items that already existed in stock when the purchase was received. LIFO valuation is permitted due to the belief that an ongoing business does not realize an economic profit only from inflation. When prices are rising they must replace the inventory currently being sold with items oh higher prices. It also matches better current cost against current revenue and defers paying taxes on phantom income arising exclusively from inflation. LIFO is preferred by businesses because it delays a major negative effect of inflation; higher taxes. FIFO is the most commonly used method used by businesses to record the value of inventory. It is appropriate when dealing with many different batches of similar products. The method assumes that the next item that will be purchased will be placed at the end of the line of to-be-sold items of that kind meaning what was purchased first will be sold first. In an economy of rising prices (during inflation), it is common for new companies to use this method to report the value of merchandise to boost their balance sheet. While the older and cheaper good are sold the new and more expensive goods remain as assets in the businesss books, financial statement boosted by FIFO also increase the chances a business has to get a loan. AVCO is used to establish the value of an inventory by calculating the costs of units. In practice it provides us the results we want by dividing the total cost of good available for sale with the number of items for sale.

Mythology Of Indian Dance :: essays research papers

Like many Indian arts, Indian dance also has its root in religion. Without the religious and cultural background of India, the growth and beauty of Indian dance is not possible. In ‘Natya Shastra’, there is a small story about the origin of Indian dance. According to Hindu mythology, dance first existed in heaven. There was always a constant conflict between the Asuras and the Devas for wealth and power. The Devas were tired of the Asuras’ greediness and jealousy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was during this long period of tedium that all the Devas approached Lord Indra too find good ways and means of entertainment. Lord Indra, who was also tired of the Asuras, approached Lord Brahma (believed to be the creator of the Universe) and asked him to help them. They made a request to Lord Brahma that this method of entertainment should be pleasing to both the eye as well as the ear, and that it should be enjoyed by the masses of both higher and lower classes. Lord Brahma gave a long thought to the request of Lord Indra and finally decided to help them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lord Brahma went into a state of deep meditation. He called to mind the four Vedas. Vedas are the earliest scriptures of the Hindus. He distilled the essence from each of the Vedas. From ‘Rigveda’, he derived the words, from ‘Sama Veda’, he derived the music, from ‘Yojurve Veda’, the code of gesture and from ‘Atherva Veda’, the element of sentiment or flavor. He blended all of these ingredients and added his own divine genious. Thus, he created an entirely new activity. Brahma named this activity ‘Natya’, which was later renamed ‘Natya Veda’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brahma had simply created a technique, but someone was needed for putting it into practice. Lord Brahma sought the cooperation of Bharat, a trusted sage. Bharat, with the help of his sons, started working. Vishvakarma, the supreme architect of heaven, then created a splendid theater in the hall of India’s court for the performance. Bharat told Brahma that certain characters of the dance sequences could only be performed by women. Brahma solved the problem by creating twenty-three beautiful ‘Apsaras’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the preparations were made accordingly, and for the very first time, the art of ‘Natya’ was performed before an audience of Devas and Asuras. In this Natya, the Devas were portrayed as victorious and the Asuras as losers. The Asuras (demons) got angry and rose in protest and threatened even worse consequences.

Importance of Understanding Culture Diversity in the Workplace

Importance of Understanding Culture Diversity in the Workplace In business today it is important to have a diverse group of employees in the workplace. Our textbook defines diversity as real or perceived differences among people in race, ethnicity, sex, age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, work and family status, weight and appearance, and other identity-based attributes that affect their interactions and relationships (Bell, 2012, p. 5).It is very important to understand the cultural, ethnical, and gender differences by professionals and management in the workforce in this day and age. If an organization develops a reputation for valuing all types of employees, it will become known as an employer of choice, in which workers from all backgrounds feel they have the opportunity to work, grow, and be treated fairly (Bell, 2012, p. 4). By being diverse in its employees, a business has a better opportunity for new ideas and growth potential and less likely to be stymied.Despite extraordinary corporate and media attention paid to diversity in the past thirty years, discrimination, inequality, and exclusion persist in organizations (Bell, 2012, p. 4). As discussed this week in class, when the department head turned down the Jamaican friend for the position, even though he seemed better qualified, it showed stereotyping and prejudices can have a negative effect in the workplace. The situation made for an uncomfortable, even negative environment in the workplace.By the department head’s negative behavior it caused a barrier for productivity and potentially harmed working relationships. It is essential in today’s business world for managers and professionals to understand the importance of cultural, ethnical and gender differences to make the workplace environment an at-ease one for employees to thrive and be productive. In every culture there are unique thought processes and behaviors and these cultural differences have a strong impact on workplace interaction and communication.What may be considered the norm for one person’s culture could be completely unacceptable to another. People from diverse cultures bring new ways of thinking, ingenuity and communication skills needed to endure in today’s workforce. Working in and learning in environments with people who are different can benefit individuals through intellectual engagement, perspective taking, and greater understanding of the implications and benefits of diversity (Bell, 2012, p. 4). In the healthcare industry, employers benefit by hiring a diverse workforce.Hospitals have come to appreciate that by hiring staff from different cultural, ethnical, and gender backgrounds, it brings a great deal of valued thoughts and insight when it applies to patient care. Ultimately, if a hospital's workforce more closely resembles the patient population it serves quality measures and patient satisfaction scores will improve (Commins, 2012, p. 2). Nursi ng care must become more culturally, ethnically, and gender diverse in order for the nursing unit to reflect the diversity of the population it treats.The ball and sock experiment really showed me how it feels to be different. I felt awkward and uncomfortable, I struggled with daily tasks that I normally accomplished without having to even think about, for example, brushing my teeth, shaving my legs, inserting the keys into the ignition of my car, shifting the gears of my car to just name a few. By the end of the day I could perform these tasks more easily but I still had to use more focus and effort.The ball and sock experiment opened my eyes to how it must feel to be outside of what society considers to be the norm and gave me a new appreciation for how these differences help shape our society. In conclusion, it is very important to understand the need for cultural, ethnical, and gender differences by professionals and management in the workforce in this day and age. Diversity in the workplace, no matter in healthcare or any other business, is of the utmost importance for growth and prosperity.

Relative Clause ESL Lesson for Specific Purposes

Relative Clause ESL Lesson for Specific Purposes Relative clauses are used to describe the noun naming the process or position when discussing tasks that need to be completed, or explaining how certain things work. The ability to use relative clauses easily is important to all English learners, but perhaps even more important to those wanting to use English in their workplaces. For example, salespeople need to explain and define anything relating to the use of the goods or services being sold. The Instaplug is a device that allows you to use any type of outlet throughout the world.Our Ontime Service is a type of consulting which allows you to access consulting services 24/7.The Sansolat Tile is a roofing tile which reflects sunlight in order to keep air conditioning costs down. Another example would be of the use of relative clauses to describe people at work: Youll need to speak to Mr. Adams who is ​in  charge of vacation and sick leave requests.Jack Wanders is the union organizer who represents this region.We need consultants who can travel anywhere on 24-hour notice. This lesson plan focuses on helping students learn to use relative clauses to discuss important issues at work such as who works with them, various types of work and workplaces, as well as describing goods or services manufactured or provided by their employer. Aim Building confidence in using relative clauses to describe goods, services, personnel and other related workplace situations. Activity Sentence matching, followed by guided writing exercise Level Intermediate to advanced English for Specific Purposes learners Outline Introduce students to the topic of using relative clauses by asking a few questions such as:How would you describe a blue collar worker?Whats full time work?Who is a consultant?What is a computer lab?These questions should elicit a number of responses, hopefully a few with competent use of relative clauses. Make sure to rephrase student answers throughout using relative clauses to help inductively introduce the idea of relative clause use. For example:Oh, full time work is a type of work which takes place for at least 40 hours a week.Good, yes, a consultant is someone who provides services and advice to a company on a contractual basis. etc.Once you have completed this warm-up, write four sentences on the board. Use one sentence with a relative clause referring a person with that and one with who. The other two sentences should refer to things; one beginning with that and the other with which. Ask students to point out these differences and explain why which or who is used, as well a s what. As far as is possible, try to coax the students into inductively stating the rules for relative clause use. Ask students to complete the sentences in the exercise below by choosing the two halves that go together and connecting each with a relative pronoun (who, which or that).Check answers as a class.Ask students to imagine ten items or people that are important to them in day-to-day work. Students should first write a list of the ten items / people. On another sheet of paper, ask students to write explanatory sentences using relative clauses.Have students exchange their ten item lists with a partner. Students should then practice explaining these items to each other using relative clauses. Students should not simply read what they have written, but try to use their examples as a starting point. Encourage students to ask probing questions based on the information they hear.Circulate about the room and help students. Once the exercise is finished, go over common mistakes youve heard while listening to student pair work. Matching Halves Match the first half of the sentence in A with the appropriate phrase in B to complete the definition. Use an appropriate relative pronoun (who, which or that) to connect the two sentences. A A supervisor is a personI have difficulties with bossesOffice Suite is a group of programsSuccess on the road can be assisted by the cloudThe human resources director is the liaisonUse the ratchet as a toolInternal office communications are handled by our company forumYoull find that Anita is a personI couldnt get my work done without DarenTaplist is an app B you can contact to resolve contract issues.can tighten a wide variety of nuts and bolts.provides a friendly place to post questions, make comments and discuss issues.I use to keep track of all my mileage, meals and other work expenses.allows me to access documents and other data from a wide range of devices.do not take my point of view into consideration.is willing to help with any problem you may have.assists me with day-to-day tasks.directs employees working in a team.is used for word processing, creating spreadsheets and presentations.